Making Scrolls Part two (from previous page-Part one)
Now that you have read about scrolls here is another section on practical application of scroll art from my friend, Dariusz Szpakowski a truly remarkable person who lives in Lodz, Poland where he has amassed a great collection of scrolls and has also built a superb Japanese style garden at his home.

There are also some notes on Screen prints at the bottom of this section

.Kanji version1 of ku Kanji version1 of rei Kanji version1 of gu
 
 

Hyogu -  kakemono fittings

 

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HYOGU is the art of framing pictures and calligraphy.

In Japanese this means decorating the surface. 

The art form  came to Japan from China along with Buddhism around the later sung dynasty.

Is a set of techniques, materials and tools for beautiful and durable framing a picture or calligraphy.

Created in this technique works are vertical scrolls - kakemono,

horizontal scrolls - makimono, screens - byobu,

sliding doors - fusuma, albums and more.

Persistence in making these frameworks is guaranteed by using the highest quality

fabrics and unique characteristics of Japanese paper washi. 

Paper - Washi is produced by hand according to recipes kilkusetletnich

which comes in many varieties (GAMPI, GOYU, KIZUKI, SEKISHU, TENGUJO).

Miraculous properties of this paper come from a long fiber plant

extracted from specific species of plants - mainly mulberry (kozo).  This is the plant used to feed silkworms.

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Gluing fixtures used vegetable adhesives (Shohfu-nori, mizu-nori).

The raw material for their production is mainly starch, wheat or seaweed.

Drying image is mounted on a special plate

- KARIBARI made of wood, covered with layers of paper

and soaked in juice from green persimonów. 

KARIBARI in the European workshop hyogushi 

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A respected world expert in  HYOGU - HYOGUSHI - is the woman, Professor  Katsushiko Masuda

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  WORKSHOP IN HYOGUSHI 

 

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TOOLS

For application of adhesives and surfacing used

broad brush- nazebake, noribake, mizubake, tsukemawashi. 

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 An example assembly sequence kakemono:

1. Thin paper glued image "KISUKI",

2. Cutting strips of fabric and forming the shape of these fixtures,

3. Connection (bonding) zone of the image with the lighting of the fabric,

4. Strengthening the whole paper , "misu",

5. Curl edges of the fabric,

6. Glued underneath the thick paper, the whole picture , "UDA"

using brush,

7. Drying on a wooden box for 10 days

8. Cleaning the edges and mounting rods and ribbons. 

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CONSTRUCTION OF IMAGES: 

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The basic picture or calligraphy mounted in the center is called honshi.

The entire outer frame is called hyoushi.

Upper and lower belt is chuuberi.

As a rule, the upper belt is two times wider than the lower belt.

Best silk fabric used for the implementation of thin strips, ie, Ichimonji.

They represent the golden accents highlighting the image.

Futai two vertical strips hanging above the upper edge of the image,made when the image is wrapped.

Tsuyu is a small ornamental tufts at the ends of thread stretched futai.

 

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MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE IMAGE OF CONSTRUCTION:

 

 

 

TYPES OF RIMS USED IN KYOTO (Kyo-hyogu):

 

1. Butsugu-Hyogu - a form of Buddhism,

2. Hon-Hyogu - a form of normal

3. Maru-Hyogu (Bunjin-Hyogu)

4.5. Chagake - a form for the tea ceremony. 

 

    

 
Details of the various styles of Scroll construction: 

 

HOUSING YAMATO HYOGU

HOUSING BUTSUGA HYOGU

 

HOUSING BUNJIN HYOGU

 

 

  

MATERIALS RIMS:

  

 HYOGU IS ALSO USED TO REPAIR OLD DAMAGED  PAINTINGS:

 

  

Jiku - decorative rod ends

Most are wooden rod ends - stained, varnished or coated with lacquer.Sometimes the tips are made of bamboo, horn or plastic. Rarely meets decorated eg copper, porcelain and marble. 

 

Copper jiku for binding Butsu-hyogu 

 

Fittings for binding Butsu-hyogu 

 

 

 

  EXTRAS: FUCHIN - WEIGHTS

 


   Decorative weights - fuchin assumed the rod tip kakemono,

When you want to straighten a picture or a long convoluted prevent it from

moving through air (drafts). Weights are made of semi-precious stones, ceramics and decorative cords. 

 

KIRIBAKO - box kakemono 

 

 Kiribako Box is made of wood paulownia. This ensures breathability,

resistance to pests and lightness of the box. Boxes an also be decorated with kanji characters written by the artists of the painting and often gives more information than the signatire and seal on the scroll itself. These are called Artists Boxes. 

 

Reprinted with permission from http://www.darekjapan.pl/index

 

 

I have put together some other notes for you gleaned from research in many places:

Here are the links on this website

Scroll Boxes

Scroll History

Scroll Making Introduction

Scroll Making Advanced

Scroll Artists

Screen Prints

While we do not normally handle Screen prints we occasionally  have a couple in our collection at Tokonomascrolls.com  but these are well stated and never shown to suggest that these are anything other than screen prints. Sometimes a Screen Printed Scroll has been made by the artist and even added to with colour by the hand of that artist. In the case of a popular scroll or scroll subject, these may well be outstanding examples of an artwork that was screened by the artist themselves. We do not handle modern reproductions of any work from an earlier period. The only screen prints that we occasionally have are screened works done at the time of the artist when they were alive. In all cases these will be clearly identified. We have extremely few of these in any case as we prefer to handle original works of art.

Embroidered Scrolls

We sometimes have embroidery scrolls by kimono embroider makers who make an embroidery based on the work of a famous artist. These are not screen prints or painted by made from silk thread and clearly embroidered scrolls. These are, however, very rare in our collection.

About the technique of Screen printing

Screen Printing and Silk Screen are in fact the same thing. It is referred to as Screen Printing since you use a screen to press the ink through small holes applying it to your apparel. It is also referred to as Silk Screen since the screens you use are similar to silk. So Silk Screen/Screen Printing are the same thing.

Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil . The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink or other printable materials which can be pressed through the mesh as a sharp-edged image onto a substrate . A roller or squeegee is moved across the screen stencil, forcing or pumping ink past the threads of the woven mesh in the open areas.

Screen printing is also a stencil method of print making in which a design is imposed on a screen of silk or other fine mesh, with blank areas coated with an impermeable substance, and ink is forced through the mesh onto the printing surface. It is also known as silkscreen, serigraphy, and serigraph printing.

There are various terms used for what is essentially the same technique. Traditionally the process was called screen printing or silkscreen printing because silk was used in the process. Currently, synthetic threads are commonly used in the screen printing process. The most popular mesh in general use is made of polyester. There are special-use mesh materials of nylon and stainless steel available to the screen printer.